Types of flow lines in fluid mechanics pdf

Fluid mechanics mini project presented by muhammad bilal civil engineering department, uet. In unsteady flow, the streamline changes their position at every instant and thus the path line may fluctuate between different streamline during an interval of time. In this article we will study classification of fluid flow in different types according to the conditional variations of the flow parameters. In fact, almost any action of a person is doing involves some kind of a fluid mechanics problem. Pipes fluid mechanics engineering numerical components in. The nature of fluid and the study of fluid mechanics 2. A pipe is a closed conduit through which fluid flows under the pressure. The volume flow discharged through a smoothwalled circular pipe. A flow, in which the fluid particles do not rotate about their own axes and retain their original orientations, is called an irrotational flow. The dashed lines represent contours of the velocity field. Turbulent flow condition for an ideal fluid chapter no.

Types of flow lines assignment help homework help online. However, for incompressible flow, the specific mass. It gives a traveling history of the fluid element over a. Sep 12, 2016 three different types of fluid flow are written in brief under. We know in laminar flow, the fluid particles have an orderly motion along stream lines. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the liquid version of pneumatics. The most common check valve is the disc type horizontal or vertical. As a result, a potential flow is characterized by an irrotational velocity field, which is a valid approximation for several applications. A fluid having the value of shear stress more than the yield value and shear stress is proportional to the shear strain velocity gradient is known as ideal plastic fluid. Considering a velocity vector field in threedimensional space in the framework of continuum mechanics.

Fluid mechanics for mechanical engineersintroduction. Fluid mechanics questions and answers types of flow lines. They are all equivalent for steady flows, but differ conceptually for unsteady flows. Leighton university of notre dame in order to walk the walk, it is useful to first be able to talk the talk. For example, if you are pouring water from a mug, the velocity of water is very.

The paths of the individual particles do not cross each other. Engineering fluid mechanics 23 fluid statics the weight of the column. In a moving fluid, solute mass is transported by the velocity field like any other fluid property. All the fluids, in actual practice, are real fluids. The irrotationality of a potential flow is due to the curl of the gradient of a scalar always being equal to zero. In hydrodynamics we analyze, track, and predict the variations of flow parameters with space and time. The volume change that fluids undergo is due to a change in density, which is the result of a fluid flowing. This type of flow is also called stream line flow or viscous flow. It involves the motion of a fluid subjected to unbalanced forces.

Classification of fluid flow uniform flow and nonuniform. This is the most common type of flow that occurs in nature. The lifecycles of stars, the creation of atmospheres, the sounds we hear, the vehicles we ride, the systems we build for. The flow past a cylinder of arbitrary cross section and infinite length is an example of plane flow. In a stationary no flow fluid condition there is a constant temperature difference between the two temperature sensors. A fluid, which is incompressible and having no viscosity, is known as an ideal fluid. Loy upp, in fluid flow measurement third edition, 2014.

The transmission of hydraulic power through pipelines. Pathline is a trajectory traced by the single fluid particle during its flow. Fluids such as gases and liquids in motion are called fluid flow. Fluid flow in which all flow is parallel to some straight line, and characteristics of flow do not change in moving perpendicular to this line is one dimensional flow or 1d flow. A deadweight tester is a device commonly used for calibrating pressure gauges. The devlopement of governing equations of fluid flow started already in the 16th century. Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many unsolved or partly solved problems. The graph between the shear stress and velocity gradient for the different. Piping systems for industrial plants, part i instructor. A solid, when subjected to a shearing force, deforms until the internal shear resistance equals the externally applied stress. C 1 i ntroduction to f luid f low stanford university. In fluid dynamics, a vortex plural vorticesvortexes is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved. The kilogram is the mass of a platinumiridium cylinder kept at sevres in france. About this video in this video series i am starting to make videos on gkgs, civil engineering topic wise complete solution with explanation.

Fluid flows play a crucial role in a vast variety of natural phenomena and man. Mar 06, 2018 for example, if any coloured fluid is introduced into the laminar flow, the coloured fluid remains in with the stream, so the fluid is steady. Note that in this context the word cylinder is used for describing any body whose shape is invariant along the length of the body. Faculty of engineering at shobra 2nd year civil 2016 fluid mechanics, cve 214 dr. Reynolds number, laminar flow, turbulent flow and energy losses due to friction. Calculate fluid flow and pipe velocities in pipes and tubes. Fluid flow is a part of fluid mechanics and deals with fluid dynamics. If the horizontal flow is divergent, the area enclosed by athe horizontal flow is divergent, the area enclosed by a chain of fluid parcels will increase with time and if circulation is to be conserved, the average absolute vorticity ofh l dflid d i hf the enclosed fluid must decrease i. Vortices form in stirred fluids, and may be observed in smoke rings, whirlpools in the wake of a boat, and the winds surrounding a tropical cyclone, tornado or dust devil. Hydraulics lectures and class notes free download hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids or fluids. Vapor pressure and their influences on fluid motion pressure at a point, pascals law, hydrostatic law, etc. Eulerian and lagrangian approaches, classification of fluid flow, 1d, 2d and 3d flow, steady, unsteady, uniform, nonuniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational, irrotational flows, stream lines, path lines, streak lines, stream tubes.

Che 203 chapter 3 types of flow chapter 3 types of flow fluid mechanics che 203 3. Steady, unsteady, uniform, nonuniform, laminar, turbulent, rotational and irrotational flows equation of continuity for one, two, three dimensional flows stream and velocity potential functions, flownet analysis. Description of fluid flow, stream line, path line and streak lines and stream tube. In fact, it is also related to disciplines like industrial engineering, and electrical engineering. This motion continues as long as unbalanced forces are applied. Fluid mechanics notes pdf fm notes pdf starts with the topics covering introduction to dimensions and units physical properties of fluids specific gravity, viscosity, surface tension. A line source is a line from which fluid appears and flows away on planes perpendicular to the line. Examples of open channels flow are river, streams, flumes, sewers, ditches and lakes etc. The metre is now defined as being equal to 1 650 763. Streamlines, streaklines and pathlines are field lines in a fluid flow.

They are i streamline ii streak line, iii path line. When the fluid flow increases, heat energy is drawn from the heated sensor and the temperature difference between the sensors are reduced. While the emphasis is somewhat different in this book, the common material is presented and hopefully can be used by all. Even in the ancient greek history, systematic theoretical works have been done. Losses in pipes during flow friction factor in pipes or major losses. For example, if any coloured fluid is introduced into the laminar flow, the coloured fluid remains in with the stream, so the fluid is steady. Introduction a fluid is a state of matter in which its molecules move freely and do not bear a constant relationship in space to other molecules. Intro to fluid flow dublin institute of technology. Fluid mechanics provides the theoretical foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering. This type of flow occurs in viscous fluids where viscosity influences the flow. This is known as advection of solute mass, from the latin word advehere meaning to transfer, and is based on the assumption that solute and solvent particles behave as a single entity.

For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Mcdonough departments of mechanical engineering and mathematics. Thus, for steady flow, pathlines are identical to streamlines. This is a smooth flow of one layer of fluid over another.

There are many types of losses of head for flowing liquids such as friction, inlet and outlet losses. An orifice may be defined as an opening provided in the side or bottom of a tank, for the purpose of discharging the liquid contained in the tank. Application of orifices and its characteristics fluid mechanics. Construct the velocity distribution diagram along the vertical line over the outlet. Discussion fluid kinematics deals with such things as describing how a fluid particle translates, distorts, and. Flow patterns and types of flow linkedin slideshare. Dashed lines indicate surfaces of constant density. Basics equations for fluid flow the continuity equation q v.

Pathline it is a line traced out by a particle as it flows from one point to ano. As the rate of flow is increased a stage is reached in which the fluid particles. The viscous friction effect associated with fluid flow. Common types check non return valves check valves or non return valves are designed to ensure one way flow only. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.

Streamlines are a family of curves that are instantaneously tangent to the velocity vector of the flow. When we consider 2d flows on the perpendicular plane, a line source appears as a point source. As these mostly involve water, we will mostly examine fluid mechanics with this in mind. A fluid, which possesses viscosity, is known as real fluid. Mar 01, 2019 hi, welcome to our youtube channel kivip tech. If real fluid does not obeys the newtons law of viscosity then it is called nonnewtonian fluid. The reduction is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid. Considering a velocity vector field in threedimensional space in the framework of continuum mechanics, we have that. Usually used in water pipework systems and installed immediately after the pump. Zulkifly abdullah associate professor, school of mechanical engineering deputy dean, academic and student affairs. Nov 28, 2016 different types of fluid flow subject of fluid mechanics slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Indication of laminar or turbulent flow the term fl tflowrate shldbhould be e reprepldbr ldlaced by reynolds number,where v is the average velocity in the pipe, and l is the characteristic dimension of a flow. Fluid mechanics have played an important role in human life.

Fluid motion can be said to be a twodimensional flow or 2d flow when the flow. But if the fluid element rotates as a whole and there is no change in angles between the boundary lines then the flow cannot be rotational flow, so it is irrotational flow. We begin by defining the various lines in a flow which the particles of fluid can trace out as. Fluid mechanics, pumps, piping, and hydro power part 1 fluid mechanics hydrostatics 6. The laminar flow is represented with a set of straight or curved lines called streamlines or flow lines. When in the pipe, fluid flows, some of potential energy is lost to overcome hydraulic resistance which is classified as. Classification of fluids fluid mechanics mechanical. Where the center part of the pipe flow the fastest and the cylinder touching the pipe isnt moving at all. Chapter 3 types of flow fluid dynamics reynolds number.

Types of flow lines in fluid mechanics pathlines, streamlines, streaklines, timelines, stream tube. In order to visualize fluid flow, mainly three types of lines are defined. Types of fluids in fluid mechanics mechanical booster. Three types of fluid element trajectories are defined. In fluid mechanics, the state when no part of the fluid. The fluid flow can be classified as rotational flow or irrotational flow and laminar flow or turbulent flow according to the motion of the fluid elements or fluid particles of the flow and based on what flow patterns do they follow. Ideal fluid is only an imaginary fluid as all the fluids, which exist, have some viscosity. Some of these characteristics reflect properties of the liquid itself, and others focus on how the fluid is moving. The strength of a source can be given by the volume flow rate. The motion of fluid elements or particles can be treated analytically, by defining certain flow parameters, or just by observation to use it for classification of. In physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects steady or unsteady, compressible or incompressible, viscous or nonviscous, and rotational or irrotational, to name a few. Types of flow lines in fluid mechanics pathlines, streamlines. Aeronautics and astronautics to the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics.

Includes nozzles and jets, the conditions for maximum power transmission, jet reaction and the efficiency of transmission. A flow, in which the stream lines of its moving particles are represented by straight line, is called an one dimensional flow. Fluid mechanics pdf notes fm pdf notes smartzworld. Pdffluid mechanics textbook by rk bansal free download. What kind of velocity distribution has developed in the arc. While on the other hand flow under pressure is said to be as pipe flow e. Hydraulic machines zoeb husain principal hipoint college of engineering and technology hyderabad. The lines in the figure represent the paths of various parts of the flow stream called streamlines. Alaa elhazek 48 chapter 7 flow through pipes 71 friction losses of head in pipes 72 secondary losses of head in pipes 73 flow through pipe systems 71 friction losses of head in pipes. In fluid mechanics, fluid is defined on the basis of its behaviour under the application of external forces. In an open channel flow, if the flow parameters such as depth of flow, the velocity of flow and the rate of flow at a particular point on the fluid do not change with respect to time, then it is called as steady flow.

By symmetry, we can assume that the fluid flows radially outward from the source. Types of flow in fluid mechanics linkedin slideshare. The topic of fluid mechanics is common to several disciplines. As mentioned above, the flow in the channel can be of. Where the center part of the pipe flow the fastest and the.

Topics to be discussed here types of fluid flows what are stream lines, path lines and streak lines 1242017 3. Occurs when the fluid flows in parallel layers, with no mixing between the layers. Fluid kinematics is the study of how fluids flow and how to describe fluid motion. Fluid flow definition and types fluid flow rate examples. Report on types of fluid flow fluid dynamics introduction in physics, fluid flow has all kinds of aspects. For threedimensional flow of an incompressible fluid, the continuity equation simplifies to equ. Timeline it is a line formed by connecting adjacent fluid particles in a flow field at a given instant of time.

They differ only when the flow changes with time, that is, when the flow is not steady. In fluid dynamics, potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function. Engineering fluid mechanics staffordshire university. The imaginary line drawn in the fluid in such a way that the tangent to any point gives the direction of motion at that point, is called as stream line. Fluid flow measurement is divided into several types, since each type requires specific consideration of such factors as accuracy requirements, cost considerations, and use of the flow information to obtain the required end results. There are two types of flownamely laminar flow and turbulent flow. The prandtl number is a dimensionless number approximating the ratio of momentum diffusivity to thermal diffusivity.

In this article we will discuss about turbulent flow in pipes. Fluid kinematics deals with describing the motion of fluids without considering or even understanding the forces and moments that cause the motion. The study of fluid flow or the study of flowing fluids can be called hydrodynamics, as we called the study of stationary or static fluid hydrostatics. Regrettably mathematical and statistical content in pdf files is unlikely to be accessible using a. The pressure head of the fluid can be determined by piezometer. Three different types of fluid flow are written in brief under. In fluid mechanics, the field lines of the velocity vector field are called. Thus, we provide the following glossary of terms used in cbe30355 transport i. If the angle between the two intersecting lines of the boundary of the fluid element changes while moving in the flow, then the flow is a rotational flow. Fluid mechanics mini project presented by muhammad bilal civil engineering department, uet peshawar 1242017 2. Show that this satisfies the requirements of the continuity equation. It is one of the popular books for mechanical engineering and civil engineering students.